KingOne step any way. Protect it: if it can’t escape check, that’s checkmate.
QueenAny distance, straight or diagonal.
RookAny distance, straight lines.
BishopAny distance, diagonals only.
KnightJumps in an L: two, then one to the side.
PawnForward one (two on its first move). Captures diagonally.
- Castling
- The king moves two squares toward a rook, and the rook hops over it. Only if neither has moved and the king isn’t in check.
- Promotion
- A pawn that reaches the far side becomes a queen, rook, bishop or knight.
- En passant
- A pawn that rushes two squares past an enemy pawn can be captured as if it had moved one.